Spherical Ops and layers catalog

Spherical Ops are reusable computations whose spatial behavior is explicit. Configured NumPy objects can run directly, through EquirectangularImage.filter(), or inside OnSphere. Functions provide the shortest call when configuration reuse is unnecessary. Torch layers are ordinary modules with spherical sampling and grid/mask transforms.

Registered operation and layer surfaces

Surface	Stability	Canonical import	Contract	Public components or entries
spherical-region-analysis-ops	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-region-analysis/v1	ConnectedComponents, FillHoles, GeodesicDistanceTransform, RegionBoundaries, Skeletonize, connected_components, extract_boundaries, fill_holes, geodesic_distance_transform, measure_regions, region_adjacency_graph, region_boundaries, skeletonize, trace_contours, watershed, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.connected_components, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.extract_boundaries, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.fill_holes, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.geodesic_distance_transform, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.measure_regions, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.region_adjacency_graph, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.region_boundaries, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.skeletonize, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.trace_contours, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.watershed
supported-blenders	Stable	panorai.blenders	panorai-blenders/v1	BlenderRegistry, BaseBlender, AverageBlender, FeatheringBlender, GaussianBlender, ClosestBlender, OverlapCounterBlender, OverlapStdBlender, OverlapStdFeatheredBlender, HuberBlender, average, gaussian, feathering, closest, huber, counter, std, std_feathered
spherical-image-processing	Experimental	panorai.image_processing	panorai-spherical-image-processing/v1	SphericalGradient, native_filter_available, reconstruct_laplacian_pyramid, spherical_bilateral_filter, spherical_box_blur, spherical_canny, spherical_equalize_histogram, spherical_filter2d, spherical_gaussian_blur, spherical_gaussian_pyramid, spherical_gradient, spherical_laplacian, spherical_laplacian_pyramid, spherical_median_blur, spherical_resize, spherical_rotate, spherical_sobel
spherical-image-processing-slic	Stable	panorai.image_processing	panorai-spherical-slic/v1	spherical_slic
research-blenders	Experimental	panorai.blenders	panorai-research-blenders/v1	HuberNoConfidenceBlender, HuberSpatialBlender, BundleAdjustmentBlender, huber_no_confidence, huber_spatial, bundle_adjustment
spherical-core-numpy	Experimental	panorai.core.numpy	panorai-core-operations/v1	Module, Sequential, SphericalAreaMean, SphericalAreaSum, SphericalAvgPool2d, SphericalConv2d, SphericalConvTranspose2d, SphericalFilter2d, SphericalGaussianBlur2d, SphericalGradient, SphericalLaplacian, SphericalMaxPool2d, SphericalNeighborhoodMax, SphericalNeighborhoodMin, SphericalResize, SphericalScaleExtrema, native_filter_available, spherical_bilateral_filter, spherical_box_blur, spherical_filter2d, spherical_gaussian_blur, spherical_gradient, spherical_laplacian, spherical_median_blur, spherical_resize, spherical_rotate, spherical_sobel, spherical_solid_angle_weights
spherical-model-workflow-numpy	Experimental	panorai.workflow.numpy	panorai-spherical-model-workflow/v1	SphericalImageModule
spherical-ops-core	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-ops/v1	AreaAverage, AreaHistogram, BilateralFilter, BoxBlur, Canny, Filter2D, GaussianBlur, Gradient, Laplacian, MedianBlur, Resample, Resize, Rotate, Sobel, GaussianPyramid, LaplacianPyramid, SphericalNMS, functional, area_average, area_histogram, bilateral_filter, box_blur, canny, filter2d, gaussian_blur, gradient, laplacian, median_blur, resample, resize, rotate, sobel, panorai.ops.spherical, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.area_average, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.area_histogram, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.bilateral_filter, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.box_blur, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.canny, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.filter2d, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.gaussian_blur, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.gradient, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.laplacian, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.median_blur, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.resample, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.resize, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.rotate, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.sobel
spherical-ops-morphology	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-morphology/v1	Closing, Dilate, Erode, GeodesicDisk, Opening, closing, dilate, erode, opening, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.closing, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.dilate, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.erode, panorai.ops.spherical.functional.opening
spherical-ops-slic	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-slic/v1	SLIC
spherical-ops-dog-detector	Experimental	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-dog-detector/v2	DoGDetector
spherical-algorithms-general	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-ops/v1	Canny, GaussianPyramid, LaplacianPyramid, SphericalNMS
spherical-algorithms-slic	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-slic/v1	SLIC
spherical-algorithms-dog-detector	Experimental	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-dog-detector/v2	DoGDetector
spherical-ops-auto-experimental	Experimental	panorai.ops.spherical	panorai-spherical-ops/auto-experimental	—

Surface	Stability	Canonical import	Contract	Public components or entries
spherical-internimage-portability	Experimental	panorai.experimental.deep_learning	panorai-spherical-internimage/v1	DenseInternImageOutput, InternImageGAssets, InternImageGDenseClassifier, InternImageShardSpec, InternImageTermsNotAcceptedError, LoadedInternImageG, SphericalDCNv3, SphericalDCNv3Record, SphericalInternImagePortReport, acquire_internimage_g, attention_pool_class_contributions, load_pretrained_internimage_g, port_internimage_to_spherical, spherical_dcnv3_core, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.SPHERICAL_INTERNIMAGE_INTERFACE, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.INTERNIMAGE_G_REPOSITORY, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.INTERNIMAGE_G_REVISION, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.INTERNIMAGE_G_SHARDS, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.DenseInternImageOutput, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.InternImageGAssets, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.InternImageGDenseClassifier, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.InternImageShardSpec, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.InternImageTermsNotAcceptedError, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.LoadedInternImageG, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.SphericalDCNv3, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.SphericalDCNv3Record, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.SphericalInternImagePortReport, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.acquire_internimage_g, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.attention_pool_class_contributions, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.load_pretrained_internimage_g, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.port_internimage_to_spherical, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.internimage.spherical_dcnv3_core
deep-learning-support	Experimental	panorai.experimental.deep_learning	panorai-deep-learning-support/v1-experimental	DA3Assets, DA3METRIC_LARGE, DA3TermsNotAcceptedError, DA3_CANONICAL_FOCAL_PX, DA3_CHECKPOINT_REVISION, DA3_MODEL_ID, DA3_PATCH_SIZE, DA3_SOURCE, DA3_SOURCE_COMMIT, DenseFCNOutput, DenseSemanticEvidence, ExternalArtifactRecord, ExternalArtifactSpec, IMAGENET_PROXY_VOCABULARY, INTERNIMAGE_G_REPOSITORY, INTERNIMAGE_G_REVISION, INTERNIMAGE_G_SHARDS, ImageNetFCN, ImageNetWeightRecord, LoadedDA3MetricModel, LoadedImageNetModel, LoadedSphericalDepthModel, METRIC3D_CHECKPOINT_REVISION, METRIC3D_CONVNEXT_LARGE_V1, METRIC3D_CONVNEXT_TINY_V1, METRIC3D_SOURCE, METRIC3D_SOURCE_COMMIT, Metric3DAssets, PortedLayer, SPHERICAL_DA3_METRIC_DEPTH_INTERFACE, SPHERICAL_INTERNIMAGE_INTERFACE, SPHERICAL_METRIC_DEPTH_INTERFACE, SPHERICAL_PROXY_SEGMENTATION_INTERFACE, SPHERICAL_SEMANTIC_SEGMENTATION_INTERFACE, SPHERICAL_TORCH_CONVOLUTION_INTERFACE, SUPPORTED_IMAGENET_MODELS, Sam21Assets, Sam21HieraLargeSegmenter, Sam21TermsNotAcceptedError, SemanticProxyConcept, SphericalBinaryMask, SphericalConv2d, SphericalConvTranspose2d, SphericalResizeConv2d, SphericalMaskProposal, SphericalMaskProposalSet, SphericalMaxPool2d, SphericalPortReport, SphericalProxySegmenter, SphericalSeed, SphericalSegment, SphericalSegmentationConfig, SphericalSegmentationResult, SphericalSemanticSegmenter, UpstreamTermsNotAcceptedError, acquire_metric3d_convnext_large_v1, acquire_sam21_hiera_large, class_activation_map, concept_evidence_from_imagenet, fibonacci_coverage_seeds, load_pretrained_imagenet_model, load_sam21_hiera_large, load_spherical_metric3d_convnext_large_v1, merge_proposals, port_module, port_module_with_report, prefetch_imagenet_weights, resolve_panoptic_map, select_semantic_seeds, spherical_area_average, sphericalize, mask_rcnn, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.pretrained.SUPPORTED_IMAGENET_MODELS, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.pretrained.ImageNetWeightRecord, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.pretrained.LoadedImageNetModel, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.pretrained.load_pretrained_imagenet_model, panorai.experimental.deep_learning.pretrained.prefetch_imagenet_weights
spherical-core-torch	Stable	panorai.core.torch	panorai-core-operations/v1	SPHERICAL_TORCH_CONVOLUTION_INTERFACE, PortedLayer, Sequential, SphericalAreaMean, SphericalAreaSum, SphericalAvgPool2d, SphericalConv2d, SphericalConvTranspose2d, SphericalResizeConv2d, SphericalFilter2d, SphericalGaussianBlur2d, SphericalGradient, SphericalLaplacian, SphericalMaxPool2d, SphericalNeighborhoodMax, SphericalNeighborhoodMin, SphericalPortReport, SphericalResize, SphericalScaleExtrema, port_module, port_module_with_report, spherical_area_average, panorai.core.torch.porting.PortedLayer, panorai.core.torch.porting.SphericalPortReport, panorai.core.torch.porting.port_module, panorai.core.torch.porting.port_module_with_report, panorai.image_processing.torch.SPHERICAL_TORCH_CONVOLUTION_INTERFACE, panorai.image_processing.torch.PortedLayer, panorai.image_processing.torch.Sequential, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalAreaMean, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalAreaSum, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalAvgPool2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalConv2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalConvTranspose2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalResizeConv2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalFilter2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalGaussianBlur2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalGradient, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalLaplacian, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalMaxPool2d, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalNeighborhoodMax, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalNeighborhoodMin, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalPortReport, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalResize, panorai.image_processing.torch.SphericalScaleExtrema, panorai.image_processing.torch.port_module, panorai.image_processing.torch.port_module_with_report, panorai.image_processing.torch.spherical_area_average
spherical-model-workflow-torch	Experimental	panorai.workflow.torch	panorai-spherical-model-workflow/v1	SphericalImageModule
spherical-ops-torch	Stable	panorai.ops.spherical.nn	panorai-spherical-ops-torch/v1	AdaptiveAvgPool2d, AvgPool2d, Closing, Conv2d, ConvTranspose2d, Dilate, Erode, GlobalAveragePool, Interpolate, MaxPool2d, Opening, PlanarSpatialOperationError, Resize, Rotate, SphericalConv2d, SphericalConvTranspose2d, SphericalMaxPool2d, SphericalValidationReport, ValidatedLayer, from_planar, execute_with_masks, spherical_area_average, transform_grid, transform_mask, validate

NumPy functional and configured pairs

Entries are imported from panorai.ops.spherical; their function forms live in panorai.ops.spherical.functional. General filtering, morphology and region analysis are Stable.

Direct-sphere NumPy operations

Configured object	Function	Output class	Spherical responsibility
Resize	resize	resampled ERP	Periodic longitude, pole-aware interpolation and explicit modality rules.
Rotate	rotate	rotated ERP	3D spherical rotation rather than a planar image rotation.
Resample	resample	regridded ERP	Explicit source-to-target spherical lattice conversion.
Filter2D	filter2d	filtered ERP	Latitude-aware neighbourhood sampling with seam continuity.
GaussianBlur / BoxBlur / MedianBlur / BilateralFilter	gaussian_blur / box_blur / median_blur / bilateral_filter	filtered ERP	Familiar filters with spherical neighbourhood semantics.
Sobel / Gradient / Laplacian / Canny	sobel / gradient / laplacian / canny	derivative or edge field	Differential/edge operators that respect the spherical lattice.
Dilate / Erode / Opening / Closing	dilate / erode / opening / closing	scalar or boolean ERP	GeodesicDisk neighbourhoods measured in great-circle degrees, with an adjoint finite-lattice contract.
AreaAverage / AreaHistogram	area_average / area_histogram	scalar or histogram	Solid-angle-weighted reductions instead of equal ERP-pixel weighting.
ConnectedComponents / RegionBoundaries	connected_components / region_boundaries	labels or boundary mask	Periodic-longitude topology with explicit support and validity.
GeodesicDistanceTransform	geodesic_distance_transform	angular distance ERP	Exact great-circle distance between ERP pixel centres.
FillHoles	fill_holes	boolean ERP	Solid-angle-bounded filling without inventing a spherical exterior.
Skeletonize	skeletonize	boolean ERP	Great-circle distance ridges form a deterministic sampled spherical medial axis.

Region-analysis functions without a one-input configured form are watershed, measure_regions, region_adjacency_graph and extract_boundaries and trace_contours. Use the region-analysis concept for their topology and result contracts.

Algorithms

Multi-step spherical algorithms

Component	Stability	Output	Use
SLIC	Stable	integer ERP labels	Intrinsic, seam-periodic spherical superpixels; also powers SphericalSLIC.
GaussianPyramid	Stable	tuple of spherical scale levels	Multi-scale smoothing without treating ERP pixels as equal-area samples.
LaplacianPyramid	Stable	reconstructible band tuple	Spherical multi-resolution decomposition.
SphericalNMS	Stable	filtered observations	Suppression by angular or spherical overlap rather than planar distance.
DoGDetector	Experimental	spherical keypoint set	Thin configured adapter around the direct spherical DoG detector.

Optional Torch layers

The Stable panorai.ops.spherical.nn surface contains:

Sphere-aware Torch layer families

Layer or helper	Spatial effect	Contract
Conv2d / SphericalConv2d	neighbourhood transform	Spherical sampling, transformed grid, strict learned-weight validity propagation.
ConvTranspose2d / SphericalConvTranspose2d	learned upsampling	Explicit output lattice and support propagation.
MaxPool2d / SphericalMaxPool2d	reduced lattice	Declared invalid handling and updated anchors/stride.
Dilate / Erode / Opening / Closing	unchanged ERP lattice	Intrinsic nearest-sampled morphology with strict masks and autograd.
AvgPool2d / AdaptiveAvgPool2d / GlobalAveragePool	reduced or scalar output	Spherical area weighting where applicable.
Resize / Interpolate / Rotate	resampled lattice	Explicit spherical resampling rather than planar functional calls.
from_planar	model conversion	Port supported planar modules while sharing learned parameters.
validate	no data output	Fail-closed report of spherical layers, forbidden planar layers and grid transitions.
execute_with_masks / transform_grid / transform_mask	execution metadata	Keep values, support, validity and spatial identity synchronized.

Torch is optional and lazily imported. Stable device evidence covers CPU float32 and float64; other devices are not implied by the API tier.

See the Spherical Ops tutorial, the operation concept, and the signature-level operations API.

For the neighbourhood definition and finite-lattice laws, use the dedicated spherical morphology concept and tutorial.